'Forced regression' is an important concept in sequence stratigraphy - it occurs when relative sea level falls and the shoreline shifts in a seaward direction, regardless of how much sediment is delivered to the sea. This is in contrast with 'normal' regressions, which take place when relative sea level doesn't change or it is rising, but rivers bring lots of sediment to the coast and are able to push the shoreline seaward. These concepts are commonly illustrated with simple cartoons (like the ones on the SEPM sequence stratigraphy website), showing how beach deposits stack in a dip direction, and how their tops are eroded by rivers as sea level continues to fall.
Unless you live in a horizontally challenged flatland (vertical-land? 2D seismic-land?), real regressions happen in three dimensions, and their morphology is much more complicated, more interesting, and more beautiful than what one can dream up with a few lines in a single cross section. The example below is an airborne lidar image from Finland. The original data has a horizontal resolution of 2 meters and a vertical resolution of 30 centimeters.
Airborne lidar image of uplifted coastal plain in Finland Image courtesy of Jouko Vanne, Geological Survey of Finland |
Looking at this crystal-clear morphology, it is tempting to think that this area must look very interesting in Google Earth as well. It turns out that it doesn't; this is actually a pretty heavily vegetated land, not too spectacular on conventional satellite imagery (see figure below). The laser rays of the lidar are able to see through the non-geomorphological 'noise' and show stunning geomorphological detail.
Comparison of satellite image from Google Earth with detail of lidar topography |
A great way to spend taxpayer money, as far as I am concerned.
3 comments:
This is simply awesome and makes me want to become a geologist. Thanks, you rock!
Thanks Gabe!
And thanks to the actual creators of the image, Jouko Vanne and the National Land Survey of Finland.
This is really fantastic.
I'm sure I will use it in the near future in my Stratigraphy class.
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